Fencing is a modern combat sport that is deeply rooted in European history and has been included in every summer Olympics since the start of the modern games in 1896.  Using bladed weapons and protective gear, fencers score points by hitting set target areas on their opponent.

The establishment of fencing schools in Europe dates back to the 12th century.  Before the 16th century, fencing was typically reserved for knights and the nobility, but after about 1500, the growing middle class meant that more men could afford to carry swords and learn the sport.  Fencing schools became commonplace in Europe and were brought to America by immigrants.

There are three different blades and styles associated with fencing, but all weapons have similar structure.  Every weapon has a blade and a hilt.  The tip of the blade is the point; the top third of the blade is known as the foible (French for weak) and the base of the blade is known as the forte (strong).  The hilt consists of the guard and the grip.  The guard (also known as the bell or bell guard) is the metal shell that protects the hands.  The pommel is a heavy nut that serves as a counterweight for the blade and holds all of the components of the weapon together.

When a touch is scored, the electric circuit running through the blade is broken and triggers the scoring mechanism.  A white or yellow light appears for an off-target touch (in foil) and a red or green light appears for on-target touches, depending on which fencer scores a touch.